Abstract:
I-chromium plating emnyamaisineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ithengiswa.I-chromium plating yasekuqaleni emnyama ichazwa ku-Mil Std 14538 efaka i-chromium emnyamai-chromium ene-hexavalenti-electrolyte.Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kube nokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiso kwamadiphozithi e-chromium emnyama evela ku-ai-trivalent chromiumi-electrolyte.Leli phepha lizobuyekeza izici zediphozi kanye nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza kwalezi ezifanayo, kodwaukufakwa kwe-chromium okuhlukileamadiphozithi.
Isingeniso
I-Beauty and the Beast (ngesiFulentshi: La Belle et la Bête) iyinganekwane eyabhalwa umbhali wamanoveli ongumFulentshi uGabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1740.timbangi futhihexavalentIzinqubo ezisekelwe ku-chromium ezimnyama ze-chromium plating.
Umfanekiso we-1 uqhathanisa ukubukeka kwezixazululo zenqubo ye-trivalent ne-hexavalent.Kwesokunxele kukhona inqubo yokucwenga ye-chromium sulfate esekelwe ku-trivalent emnyama.Umbala wesixazululo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile, ithangi lihlanzekile, futhi isisombululo sizinzile.Sinqume kalula ukuthi lolu hlelo luzobizwa ngoNobuhle kulesi sethulo.
Ngakwesokudla kunenqubo yokucwebeza esekelwe ku-chromium trioxide emnyama.Umbala wesixazululo unombala obomvu onsundu.Phakathi ne-electroplating, igesi ye-hydrogen iyashintsha, engadala inkungu ene-chromium enehexavalent.Le nkungu kumele ilawulwe ngama-ejenti wokumanzisa kanye noma nge-push-pull ventilation.I-chromium emnyama eyi-hexavalent, okungenani kuyo yonke le phrezentheshini, izobhekwa njengehamba phambili.
Umfanekiso 1 - Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinqubo zokucwenga ze-chromium emnyama e-trivalent ne-hexavalent.
Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukuhlola amadiphozithi e-electroplating e-chromium emnyama futhi kunqunywe ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo nokufaneleka kwalezi zingubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezimoto nezentengiso.Okugxilwe kuzo kusezicini zokusebenza komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukumelana nokuklwejwa, ukumelana namabala nokubukeka kwakho kokubili okudiphozithi okumnyama okune-hexavalent ne-trivalent-based chromium.Imiphumela kufanele isebenze njengesiqondiso esisebenzayo sokukhetha inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yezingubo ezinezingqimba ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okulindelekile.Siphinde sifune ukukhomba ukuthi idiphozithi ye-chromium emnyama iqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izindlela zokumboza ezimnyama, okuhlanganisa i-PVD, ijazi eliyimpushana elimnyama kanye ne-nickel emnyama engenawo ugesi.
Ingemuva
Amalungelo obunikazi okufakwa kwe-chromium emnyama ahlehlela emuva ku-1952. Ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala elihlobene ne-electroplating black chromium, lakhishelwa u-Gilbert no-Buhman.1 U-Gilbert no-Buhman basungule inqubo yokusebenzisa i-anhydride e-aqueous chromic ne-acetic ukuze bathole idiphozithi emnyama kuya kokumnyama izingxenye zezibhamu, izingxenye zezikhali kanye nemishini yezempi e-Rock Island Arsenal.1 Amanye amalungelo obunikazi afakwa yi-Westinghouse Electric ngo-1956 kanye ne-Kewanee Oil Company (Harshaw Chemical), eyakhishwa ngo-1971.2,3 I-Harshaw Chemical patent, yagcina idluliselwe nge-M&T Chemicals, futhi manje ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba le-Atotech Chemical Econo-chrome BK.
Amalungelo obunikazi okuqala wei-trivalent chromium platingihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kuka-1970. UGyllenspentz noRenton base-Albright noWilson;kanye ne-Tremmel ye-OMI (manje eyi-MacDermid Enthone), babengomunye wamavulandlela okuqala ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokugeza ze-chromium electroplating ezintathu.Umsebenzi we-Tremmel wawugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanganisela ze-thiazole, kanti umsebenzi ka-Gyllenspentz no-Renton wawugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-formate, i-acetate, i-bromide ne-ammonium ukuze kuzuzwe idiphozi ekwazi ukuthengisa. ezisetshenziswayo manje osekulula ukuzilawula.
Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza
Ithebula 1 liqhathanisa imingcele yokusebenza kokubili kwenguqulo ye-chloride ne-sulfate ye-chromium emnyama e-trivalent kanye nezinqubo ze-chromium emnyama ene-hexavalent.3 Umehluko wokuqala nobaluleke kakhulu wokusebenza uku-electrolyte.Izinqubo ze-chromium emnyama ezincanyana zisebenzisa i-chloride noma usawoti we-sulfate wensimbi ene-chromium ku-electrolyte, kuyilapho i-chromium emnyama eyi-hexavalent isebenzisa i-chromium trioxide (noma i-chromic acid) engxenyeni eyinhloko.Amabhavu angama-trivalent asebenza ebangeni le-pH lika-2-4 kuyilapho i-chromium emnyama eyi-hexavalent isebenza ku-pH engaphansi kuka-1. Amazinga okushisa okusebenza afana kuzo zontathu izixazululo.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde:Umehluko phakathi kwe-Trivalent Chromium ne-Hexavalent Chromium
Ithebula 1 - Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwe-chloride Cr(III), i-sulfate Cr(III) kanye ne-Cr(VI)
Izinqubo.
Ngokuqondene nokuphonsa nokumboza, izinqubo ze-chromium emnyama ezincanyana zinamandla amahle okujikijela futhi zizomboza izingxenye ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-anode ayisipesheli ayisipesheli.Imiklamo ejwayelekile yokubeka ingasetshenziswa.
Kodwa-ke, akunjalo ngenqubo ye-chromium emnyama ene-hexavalent.Ukusebenza kahle kuncane okuholela ekusweleni kwamandla okujikijela nawokumboza.Ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwama-rack okukhethekile (okungukuthi, ama-anode asizayo), idiphozithi ye-chromium emnyama izoba nemithunzi eminingi empunga kanye nempunga/emnyama, futhi izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezimbalwa zidinga ukulinganisela ukuze zibe mnyama kakhulu kulo lonke uhla lokuminyana lwamanje.
Mayelana ne-CheeYuen
Yasungulwa eHong Kong ngo-1969,CheeYueningumhlinzeki wesixazululo wokukhiqiza izingxenye zepulasitiki kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo.Ifakwe imishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza (isikhungo esi-1 samathuluzi nokubumba umjovo, imigqa engu-2 ye-electroplating, imigqa yokudweba emi-2, ulayini we-PVD emi-2 nokunye) futhi eholwa ithimba elizinikele lochwepheshe nochwepheshe, Ukwelashwa kwe-CheeYuen Surface kuhlinzeka ngesixazululo se-turnkeychromed, ukudweba&Izingxenye ze-PVD, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi okukhiqiza (i-DFM) kuya ku-PPAP futhi ekugcineni kuze kube sekuqedwe ukulethwa kwengxenye emhlabeni wonke.
Kuqinisekiswe nguIATF16949, ISO9001futhiISO14001futhi ihlolwe ngeI-VDA 6.3futhiI-CSR, I-CheeYuen Surface Treatment isiphenduke umphakeli owaziwa kabanzi kanye nozakwethu wesu wenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo nabakhiqizi abaziwayo ezimbonini zezimoto, zikagesi, nemikhiqizo yokugeza, okuhlanganisa i-Continental, ALPS, ITW, Whirlpool, De'Longhi neGrohe, njll.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-26-2024