Nazi iiyantlukwano esizishwankathelayo phakathi kwe-Trivalent kunye ne-hexavalent chromes.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-Trivalent kunye ne-Hexavalent Chromium
Hexavalentukufakwa kwechromiumyindlela yemveli yokucwenga kwechromium (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chrome plating) kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuhombisa kunye nokugqibezela ukusebenza.I-hexavalent chromium plating iphunyezwa ngokuntywilisela i-substrates kwibhafu ye-chromium trioxide (CrO3) kunye ne-sulfuric acid (SO4).Olu hlobo lwe-chromium plating lubonelela ngokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kunye nesibheno sobuhle.
Icandelo levili lokuqhuba izithuthi kwi-chrome ehexavalent ekugqibeleni
Hexavalent chromiumiplatinginezinto zayo ezingeloncedo, nangona kunjalo.Olu hlobo lokucwenga luvelisa iimveliso ezininzi ezithathwa njengenkunkuma enobungozi, kubandakanya iikhromatiki zelothe kunye ne-barium sulfate.I-hexavalent chromium ngokwayo yinto enobungozi kunye ne-carcinogen kwaye ilawulwa kakhulu yi-EPA.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-OEM zeemoto ezifana ne-Chrysler zenze iinzame zokutshintsha i-chromium enehexavalent igqibe nge-eco-friendly finishes.
Ichromium encinciyenye indlela yeiplating ye-chrome yokuhombisa, kwaye ithathwa njengenye indlela evumelana nokusingqongileyo kwichromium enehexavalent, eneempawu ezininzi ezifanayo;kanye njengokugqitywa kwe-chrome e-hexavalent, ukugqitywa kwe-chrome okuphindwe kathathu kubonelela ngokukrweleka kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwaye ziyafumaneka kwiinketho zombala ezahlukeneyo.I-Trivalent chromium plating isebenzisa i-chromium sulfate okanye i-chromium chloride njengesithako sayo esiphambili, endaweni ye-chromium trioxide;ukwenza i-trivalent chromium ibenetyhefu encinci kunehexavalent chromium.
Igrill edityanisiweyo kwi-chrome emnyama ene-trivalent ngaphezulu kwe-nickel eqaqambileyo
Ngelixa inkqubo ye-chromium yokucwenga i-trivalent inzima kakhulu ukuyilawula, kwaye iikhemikhali eziyimfuneko zibiza kakhulu kunezo zisetyenziselwa i-chromium enehexavalent, iingenelo zale ndlela zenza ukuba kukhuphisane neendleko kunye nezinye iindlela zokugqiba.Inkqubo ye-trivalent idinga amandla amancinci kunenkqubo ye-hexavalent kwaye inokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwangoku, okwenza ibe yomelele ngakumbi.I-Trivalent chromium yetyhefu esezantsi ithetha ukuba ilawulwa ngokungqongqo, inciphisa inkunkuma enobungozi kunye nezinye iindleko zokuthobela.
Ngemigaqo kwizinto ezinobungozi eziqiniswayo e-US kunye ne-EU, imfuno yokugqitywa kwemvelo efana ne-chrome ene-trivalent iyanda.
Hexavalent Chromium Plating Solution
Iidiphozithi eziqinileyo zechromium, ezidla ngokuba ngqindilili, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi nemizi-mveliso yeenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zokwenza isinyithi.Zikwasetyenziswa nasekugqityweni kwezixhobo zonyango kunye notyando.
I-hexavalent chromium electrolytes ifuna umthombo we-chromium ion kunye ne-catalyst enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze ipleyiti.Ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yemveli, ebizwa ngokuba yibhafu yesiqhelo, iqulethe i-chromium enehexavalent kunye nesulfate njengeyona nto incedayo.
Izongezo ezizezinye ezinokongezwa kulwakhiwo lwebhafu yechromium eqhelekileyo enehexavalent ukuqinisa inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ziibhafu ezixubeneyo zecatalyst kuba izongezo ziqulethe ubuncinci i-catalyst enye eyongezelelweyo ukongeza kwisulfate.
Isisombululo se-Trivalent Chromium Plating
I-electrolyte yezisombululo ze-chromium zokucwenga ze-trivalent zahluka kwi-chemistry, kodwa zonke ziqulethe umthombo we-chromium e-trivalent, eyongezwa njenge-sulfate okanye ityuwa ye-chloride.Zikwaqulathe imathiriyeli yokunyibilikisa edibanisa nechromium ukuyivumela ukuba icwecwe kumnqweno wokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwisisombululo.
Ii-agent zokumanzisa zisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa kwi-deposition reaction kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinwa komphezulu wesisombululo.Uxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo lwaphezulu lususa ukwakheka kwenkungu kwi-anode okanye i-cathode.Inkqubo yokucwenga isebenza ngakumbi njengekhemistri yokuhlamba ye-Nickel kunebhafu ye-hex ye-chrome.Inenkqubo emxinwa kakhulu yefestile kune-hexavalent ye-Chrome plating.Oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lweeparamitha zenkqubo kufuneka zilawulwe kakuhle, kwaye ngakumbi ngokuchanekileyo.Ukusebenza kweTrivalent Chrome kuphezulu kunoko kweHex.Idiphozithi ilungile kwaye ingaba nomtsalane kakhulu.
I-hexavalent chromium plating ineziphene zayo, nangona kunjalo.Iyaziwa ngokuba yi-carcinogen yomntu kwaye inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo.Khumbula into eyenza u-Erin Brockovich abe negama lekhaya?Olu hlobo lokucwenga luvelisa iimveliso ezininzi ezithathwa ngokuba yingozi.
I-Trivalent chromium platingihambelana kakhulu nokusingqongileyo kunechromium enehexavalent;Inkqubo ye-electrodeposition yamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-500 enetyhefu kune-hexavalent Chromium.Olona ncedo luphambili lweenkqubo zechromium ze-trivalent kukuba iguquguquka ngakumbi.Ukwabiwa kwe-Plating kufana kakhulu, i-barrel plating inokwenzeka kwi-trivalent chrome, engenakwenzeka nge-chrome ene-hexavalent.
Hexavalent Vs Trivalent Chromium
| Izinto | Hexavalent Chromium | I-Trivalent Chromium |
| Unyango lweNkunkuma | Iyabiza | Kulula |
| Ukuphosa Amandla | Ubuhlwempu | Kulungile |
| Ukhuseleko | Ayikhuselekanga kakhulu | Ikhuselekile ngokwentelekiso;iyafana neNickel |
| Ukunyamezela ukuNgcola | Ulungile ngokufanelekileyo | Akunjalo nje Okuhle |
| I-NSS kunye neCASS | Ngokufanayo | Ngokufanayo |
| Ukumelana nokutshisa | Akulunganga | Kakuhle kakhulu |
Itheyibhile ethelekisa ezinye iimpawu ze-Hexavalent kunye ne-Trivalent Chromium
Malunga CheeYuen
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2023