Takaitawa:
Black chromium platingyana samuwa a kasuwa fiye da shekaru 50.An kwatanta asalin chromium baƙar fata a cikin Mil Std 14538 wanda ke adana chromium baki dagachromium hexavalentelectrolyte.A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an sami ci gaban kasuwanci na baƙar chromium adibas daga atrivalent chromiumelectrolyte.Wannan takarda za ta duba halayen ajiya da la'akarin aiki na waɗannan kama, ammadaban-daban chromium platingadibas.
Gabatarwa
Beauty and the Beast (Faransanci: La Belle et la Bête) tatsuniyar tatsuniya ce da marubucin Faransa Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve ya rubuta kuma aka buga a shekara ta 1740. Kwatancenmu da wannan gabatarwa ba zai kasance akan tatsuniya ba amma bambance-bambance tsakanintkishiya kumahexavalentchromium tushen baƙar fata chromium plating tafiyar matakai.
Hoto na 1 yana kwatanta bayyanar da matakan trivalent da hexavalent mafita.A gefen hagu akwai tsarin chromium sulfate na tushen trivalent baƙar fata chromium.Launi mai launi yana da shuɗi mai zurfi, tanki yana da tsabta mai tsabta, kuma maganin yana da kwanciyar hankali.Mun yanke shawarar da sauƙi cewa za a kira wannan tsari da Kyau a cikin wannan gabatarwar.
A hannun dama tsarin chromium na chromium mai tushen baƙar fata.Launin maganin shine launin ruwan kasa ja.A lokacin electroplating, hydrogen gas yana tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da hazo mai dauke da chromium hexavalent.Dole ne a sarrafa wannan hazo tare da abubuwan jika da kuma ja da iska.Baƙar chromium hexavalent, aƙalla ga sauran wannan gabatarwar, za a kira shi mafi kyau.
Hoto 1 - Kwatankwacin matakai na plating na chromium na trivalent da hexavalent.
Manufar wannan aikin shine a kimanta madadin baƙar fata chromium electroplating adibas da ƙayyade amfani da dacewa da dacewa da waɗannan suturar a cikin ciki da waje na motoci da aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.An mayar da hankali kan halaye na aikin jiki, gami da kariyar lalata, juriya, juriya da bayyanar duka adibas na chromium na hexavalent da na tushen trivalent.Sakamakon ya kamata ya zama jagora mai amfani don zaɓar mafi kyawun haɗuwa da suturar da aka yi da su don cimma aikin da ake sa ran.Har ila yau, muna neman gano yadda adibas ɗin chromium baƙar fata suke kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin rufe baki, gami da PVD, gashin foda baki da nickel baƙar fata.
Fage
Halayen haƙƙin mallaka na baƙar fata chromium plating sun koma 1952. Alamar farko mai alaƙa da electroplating black chromium, an ba Gilbert da Buhman.1 Gilbert da Buhman sun ɓullo da wani tsari ta amfani da ruwa mai ruwa chromic anhydride da acetic acid don cimma wani duhu launin toka zuwa baki ajiya a kan. sassa na bindigu, manyan bindigogi da kayan aikin soja a Rock Island Arsenal.1 An shigar da ƙarin haƙƙin mallaka ta Westinghouse Electric a 1956 da Kewanee Oil Company (Harshaw Chemical), wanda aka bayar a 1971.2,3 The Harshaw Chemical patent, ƙarshe an canja shi ta hanyar M&T Chemicals, kuma yanzu ana siyar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwancin Atotech Chemical Econo-chrome BK.
Halayen farko dontrivalent chromium platingkwanan baya zuwa farkon 1970. Gyllenspentz da Renton na Albright da Wilson;da kuma Tremmel na OMI (yanzu MacDermid Enthone), sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na farko don aiwatar da haɓakar baho na chromium electroplating trivalent.Ayyukan Tremmel sun mayar da hankali kan yin amfani da mahadi na thiazole, yayin da aikin Gyllenspentz da Renton ya mayar da hankali kan yin amfani da formate, acetate, bromide da ammonium don cimma wani ajiya mai yiwuwa na kasuwanci.4-7 Bugu da ƙari, sababbin kayan aiki na kasuwanci wanda ke ba da chloride ko sulfate-based chemistry sun fi dacewa. da aka saba amfani da su yanzu waɗanda ke da sauƙin sarrafawa.
Kwatanta Aiki
Tebu 1 yana kwatanta sigogin aiki na duka nau'ikan chloride da sulfate na chromium baƙar fata trivalent da matakan chromium baki mai hexavalent.3 Bambanci na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci na aiki shine a cikin electrolyte.Hanyoyin chromium baƙar fata trivalent suna amfani da gishirin ƙarfe ko chloride ko sulfate tare da chromium don electrolyte, yayin da hexavalent black chromium yana amfani da chromium trioxide (ko chromic acid) don babban sashi.The trivalent baths aiki a pH kewayon 2-4 yayin da hexavalent baki chromium aiki a wani pH na kasa da 1. The yanayin zafi aiki suna kama a cikin dukan uku mafita.
Danna nan don koyo:Bambanci tsakanin Trivalent Chromium da Hexavalent Chromium
Table 1 - Kwatancen aiki na chloride Cr (III), sulfate Cr (III) da Cr (VI)
Tsari.
Amma game da jifa da ɗaukar hoto, matakan chromium na baƙar fata trivalent suna da ikon jefawa mai kyau kuma za su rufe sassa gaba ɗaya ba tare da amfani da anodes na musamman ba.Ana iya amfani da daidaitattun ƙira na racking.
Duk da haka, wannan ba shine yanayin tsarin chromium baki mai hexavalent ba.Ingancin yana da rauni yana haifar da rashin jifa da rufaffiyar iko.Ba tare da gyare-gyare na musamman ba (watau, anodes na taimako), ajiyar chromium baƙar fata za ta sami inuwar launin toka da launin toka/baki, kuma abubuwan sinadaran da yawa suna buƙatar daidaitawa don mafi kyawun baƙar fata a kan dukkan kewayon yawa na yanzu.
Game da CheeYuen
An kafa shi a Hong Kong a 1969.CheeYinshine mai ba da bayani don masana'antar ɓangaren filastik da jiyya na saman.An sanye shi da injuna na ci gaba da layin samarwa (1 tooling da allurar gyare-gyaren allura, layukan lantarki 2, layin zane 2, layin PVD 2 da sauransu) kuma ƙungiyar kwararru da masu fasaha ke jagoranta, CheeYuen Surface Jiyya yana ba da mafita don juyawa.chromed, zanen&PVD sassa, daga ƙirar kayan aiki don masana'antu (DFM) zuwa PPAP kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen bayarwa a duk faɗin duniya.
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Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-26-2024